Helios, Alexander: A Ptolemaic prince of Egypt, son of Cleopatra and Antonius, and twin sibling to Cleopatra Selene.
Heracleion: An ancient Egyptian city near Alexandria. It was believed that Helen of Troy and Hercules once visited the city, hence the naming of the city after Hercules.
Iras: Cleopatra’s devoted and trusted handmaiden.
Isis: During the Hellenistic period, Isis was regarded as the Egyptian mother goddess and deity of fertility. Her worship spread widely throughout Greco-Rome.
Khonsu: An ancient Egyptian moon god whose name meant “traveler.” He marked the passage of time as the moon moved through the sky, as well as protected travelers and many other things during the night.
Khopesh: An ancient Egyptian sickle-sword.
Lake Mareotis: A brackish lake situated behind Alexandria.
Octavia Minor: Octavian’s sister and Caesar’s great-niece. Her second marriage was to Antonius. She had two daughters by him before he left her for Cleopatra. She later became the guardian to Selene, Helios, and Philadelphos after they were marched in Octavian’s Triumph.
Octavian (Gaius Octavius Thurinus): Renowned to history as Augustus, he was Caesar’s great-nephew and adopted son. Once he defeated Antonius in the Battle of Actium, he became Rome’s first Emperor and founded the Roman Empire.
Osiris: Egyptian god of the afterlife, dead, and underworld. He was fused with Apis to create Serapis in the Hellenistic period to appease both Greeks and Egyptians in their worship.
Pharos (Lighthouse of Alexandria): A lighthouse located on Pharos Island in the Great Harbor of Alexandria, and one of the wonders of the ancient world.
Philadelphos (Delphos), Ptolemy: A prince of Egypt, he was the youngest son of Cleopatra and Antonius.
Quinquereme: A Hellenistic period warship with five rows of oars.
Royal Quarter: Known to the Alexandrians as the Beta District, it was home to the palaces and residences of nobles. Other monuments, temples, a museum, and cemetery were located there along with its own dockyard.
Sarapis: A Greco-Egyptian god. Ptolemy I conceived Serapis as a way to unify the Greeks and Egyptians.
Sekhmet: Egyptian warrior goddess depicted with the head of a lioness.
Selene II, Cleopatra: A Ptolemaic princess of Egypt, daughter of Cleopatra and Antonius, and twin sibling to Alexander Helios.
Set: Egyptian god of foreigners, the desert, and storms. In later Egyptian religion, he became the god of darkness and chaos.
Shendyt: A textile (usually linen) garment worn around the waist that crossed in front and extended to above the knees. Typically worn by military, pharaohs, and commoners in ancient Egypt.
Shu: The primordial Egyptian god of air.
Sinuhe: A character from one of the greatest works of Egyptian literature, The Tale of Sinuhe.
Soma: Alexander the Great’s mausoleum. Located in the center of Alexandria, its grandeur encompassed a large section of the city.
Spatha: A long, slightly curved sword used by the Romans in battle. Designed for slashing rather than thrusting.
Thutmose III: a pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty and thought of as a military genius today, and great conqueror to ancient Egyptians.
Typhonic beast (Set animal): The Set animal was the totem animal for the Egyptian god Set. It is thought to depict the wild dogs that roamed the deserts of Northern Egypt referred to as sha, though it’s not been proven if the creature is an extinct species or a mythological animal uniquely allied with Set.
Was scepter: A symbol used in ancient Egyptian religion that represented power or domination. They were carried by gods and pharaohs, and were associated with the god Set. The was in hieroglyphs stands for power.
References
The Architecture of Alexandria and Egypt: 300BC–AD700, Yale University Press, Pelican History of Art by Judith McKenzie
The Quest for the Tomb of Alexander the Great by Andrew Chugg
The Rise and Fall of Alexandria: Birthplace of the Modern World by Justin Pollard and Howard Reid